Guide to choose bedroom tiles

In recent years, the trend of bedroom wall tiles has become more common, especially in modern style townhouses, to create better aesthetics for bedrooms and better wall protection. That wall tiles will feel cold.

The reasons should tile the bedroom walls

The bedroom is not only the private space of each family member but also the most used rest area, directly affecting the health and psychology of each person. By a room if hot, hot in the summer will make you uncomfortable after working hours tired, even lead to sleepless nights. Not only that, the aesthetic factor is also of special interest to everyone because everyone wants their private space as beautiful as their preference, giving the most comfort when entering the room. The problem is to tile the bedroom walls to bring aesthetics to the needs of homeowners.

A wall of paint is also enough color for bedroom space but to create unique and impressive beauty paint is not enough. Many people prefer luxury and modern, airy and elegant, so when wall tiles are a very effective solution with the variety of designs and colors of the tiles today. market.

Using the wall tiles to meet all the requirements in an optimal way, it helps you own a living space as desired. If you think that brick wall wall feel cold in winter, you can choose the type of brick eye color, warm. Should the brick wall tiles bedroom? In the summer, wall tiles are not only decorative materials, but also make the room cooler, very effective in reducing the temperature of the sun.

Combined with other decorations and colors, your bedroom space will have the style of self-expression of the room owner.

Moreover, bedroom wall tiles will be easier to clean and clean, ensuring the aesthetics of bedroom walls.

Brick walls to prevent damp, protect the wall from dirt

The wall is soaked, moldy after long time use is common phenomenon with wall lime sweep, the paint often cause many homeowners headache. So it is advisable to wall tiles bedroom is a effective solution not only for the bedroom but for any space in the house.

Walls of mold and moss color not only cause aesthetic but also cause many dangerous pathogens, affecting the health of family members. If you want to waterproof you will also spend a lot of money to waterproof, so when you tile the wall of the bedroom you will no longer worry about the wall is damp moldy, security aesthetics, protection longevity of the wall.

Wall tiles to crack walls

The climate is hot and humid so the phenomenon of wall cracking, dampness... occurs more. If not handled in time, cracks will easily spread to other places. Normally the wall is plastered with cement but this way is not long because it is easy to crack. Incorrectly applied plastering is also the leading cause of cracking on the wall. These cracks are wider, longer and deeper with time.

With both subjective and objective causes we must find ways to avoid and overcome, so it is advisable to consider bedroom tiles are the solution chosen by many people.

Wall masonry is a very effective way to protect the wall to be durable and maintain durability and aesthetics for the home, protect the health and well being of family members. In addition, when the brick wall bedroom you will save the cost of renovation, repair and waterproofing walls, bringing high economic efficiency.

The way to wall tiles

When choosing the wall tiles, you need to pay special attention to the overall color of the interior of the room to choose the product with the appropriate color, bring the highest aesthetic effect. It is recommended to tile the bedroom wall is an important issue, especially how to choose the color brick. In which cream yellow brings the bedroom space more romantic, sweet white color makes the room becomes brighter, airy, neutral color tiles create a modern aesthetic taste, personality for homeowners.

With limited room, customers should choose bricks in the room bright colors and large size brick to make the room more airy, more comfortable. As for the large room, the large size tiles, textures, impressive colors help the room more emphasis. Therefore, depending on the area of ​​the room space you have to choose the size of tiles to suit. Should the brick wall tiles bedroom? Rooms or pavilions of less than 18m2 should use brick size: 300 x 300, area less than 36m2 should use the product size: 400 x 400; 300 x 600, and the area of ​​36 m2 or more should be used product size: 500 x 500; 600 x 600; 600 x 900. For brick tiles should use the size of 200 x 400; 300 x 600.

There are three types of tiles to create the image extremely vivid and beautiful for your bedroom. The way of 3d wall tiles not only creates impressive space for the room bearing bold hobby owner.

Besides, you can also tile a wall in the bedroom to create a highlight, without the need to tile all the space if you do not have enough funds or space is cramped.

Should you tile your bedroom walls? Wall tiles must be of correct size, in order and in order to ensure the aesthetics and longevity of the brick wall. When brick tiles have to know how to clean clean to avoid any stains on the brick wall. Generally, families use ceramic tiles for wall tiles because it is a common type of cheap and relatively good quality tiles, which can be used both for floor tiles and for wall tiles.

Green materials can replace concrete

The production of commercially viable concrete releases a tonne of carbon emissions annually, contributing to global climate change. The following building materials are alternatives to concrete because the level of impact on the environment is lower than that of concrete.

The straw

Straws are used to make walls, straw bales are placed in metal frames. This material can replace concrete, wood, gypsum, fiberglass or stone.

Concrete plants

Concrete paving method for floors, paths, pavements, roads for cars, allowing grass or vegetation to grow on the surface. This method offers the benefit of reducing the use of concrete, improving water absorption and drainage.

Dirt

Stratum has been used in construction for thousands of years and will continue to be used for a long time. The house is built with clay in a modern method safer when using reinforced bars or bamboo.

Hempcrete

Hempcrete is a lightweight construction material, shaped like a block of coal, made by mixing hemp into lime. Although the material is structurally unstable, it offers natural flexibility and insulation. This ultra lightweight material can significantly reduce the transport energy.

Bamboo

Bamboo is really a promising building material for modern buildings. Bamboo is a combination of durability, light weight used for framing buildings. Bamboo is a substitute material for reinforced concrete, especially in difficult traffic areas, which need to be rebuilt after natural disasters.

Recycled Plastic

Instead of extracting, researchers are creating concrete with plastic and reusable rubbish. This method will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also provide new applications for waste treatment.

The wood

Wood is much more beneficial than many industrial construction materials such as concrete or steel. Not only is it possible to absorb CO2, wood does not require energy-consuming methods to handle it.

Important notes for operating the concrete mixer safely

In the construction industry can not lack the presence of cumbersome machines but bring extremely high productivity. Concrete mixer is one of them. Concrete mixer is a type of construction machine used to mix sand, gravel, cement, water and additives into a concrete mix to meet the requirements. quality and efficiency of concrete mix. This is an indispensable equipment in the large and small works, contributing to accelerate the progress of works. However, in the course of use, if the operator lacks basic knowledge, inadvertently causes a negligence, the problem may occur at any time.

To use the concrete mixer safely the owner and employee should pay attention to and adhere to the following principles:

1. The object is allowed to work with concrete mixers

When exposed to concrete mixers, employees must meet the following conditions: Age of the government regulations. Have a certificate of health to work. Be trained and certified to stand with concrete mixers.

2. Labor protection equipment

When working with a concrete mixer, the worker must be fully equipped with tools such as hats, clothing, gloves, protective rubber boots, masks, eyeglasses.

Place the concrete mixer

- Make sure you place the concrete mixer in a flat, spacious place, move freely, and have drainage around it to prevent runoff.

- There is a spread of non-slip materials around the concrete mixer area

- Must have shielding device in the mouth of the machine

4. Check the machine before operation

Prior to operation, make sure that the parts of the concrete mixer are stable and ready to operate. There are shielding devices in the position necessary to ensure safety, stable power supply to the machine to operate well.

5. While the mixer is operating

- Do not go near the mixing mouth of the machine

- Do not use materials, tools to interfere with the machine during the mixing.

6. Before putting the material into the blender jar

Prior to pouring the material into the mixing tank, there should be consistency between the machine operator and the material pourer to ensure smooth and safe operation.

7. Electrical safety

To avoid being shocked, the control must be slow, calm

8. Cleaning the mixer

All cleaning, maintenance and servicing are only performed when the power supply is completely disconnected to avoid accidental operation of the unit. Ben must be fixed in the lifting position with dead brakes.

9. During the move must pay attention

- Remove the car if it is transported by car

- If transported by car, it should be fixed with a pin or cable.

Safety in labor is a must for any worker to remember. Hopefully through this article, you have given yourself the basic knowledge to use the concrete mixer with high efficiency. If you want to buy concrete mixer cheap, please go to Hai Minh Supermarket, we are proud of many years of experience in the field of import and export specializing in providing concrete mixers with the most reasonable price, prestige, and assurance.

Selection criteria for garden tiles

Not only the interior but also the homeowners are interested and focused, besides the choice of brick wall, floor tiles, the choice of garden tiles not only help clean but also help the house Your more impressive.

With buildings such as garden villas, the choice of garden tiles should pay attention to many factors. How to choose the bricks to highlight the work and how to arrange them must be impressive, harmonious in the color factors, size to honors the beauty of the whole works. Therefore, the choice of garden tiles should be based on the following criteria:

Depending on the size of the function, it is necessary to use bricks

Depending on the area of ​​†<†<functional need to pave the brick you make the decision to choose the right tile. You can also set individual large bricks with a step foot on the green grass floor also helps to make the garden more luxurious.

Ensure hardness

Normally, tile for garden is to create aisles, where people often have to pass, so first brick must ensure the hardness. If bricks are too soft, only after a short time of use will be prone to cracking, broken by the force in the process of moving people.

Not slippery

Since it is used to tile the outdoor area, garden tiles will not be able to withstand rain, which is very easy to slip. So for safety reasons, you should choose a high friction surface type. These are bricks of the surface, the surface is patterned floating.

No mold moss

Outdoor garden tiles are very easy to get rainwater. If the surface is bricks or made of materials such as terracotta, it will cause moss mold, slippery, dangerous, just unhygienic and aesthetic.

Quick drainage

In the days of heavy rain or when gardening will inevitably stand the status of brick stagnant water. Stagnant water will be the ideal environment for moss growth, insect pests, surface molds cause aesthetic... Therefore, the ability to drain water is also a factor that you need attention. When selecting tiles for the garden.

In conclusion, to make the synchronization, harmony from the outside, the selection of brick to paving the garden is very important. The exterior of the building is beautiful, clean and new, contributing to the architecture of the house.

Guide to choose wall tiles suitable for your home

Brick wall is an important factor to help improve the house, choosing the right type of wall tiles will make your home look more delicate and luxurious.

Currently, instead of choosing wall paint, most families choose to use wall tiles, clean, clean and easy to clean and also durable. But the choice of brick wall tiles with patterns, patterns to match the architecture as well as background color is not a simple thing. The article below will tell you how to choose wall tiles to help improve your home.

Brick quality inspection

When choosing the type of brick wall, people often pay attention to the pattern, texture, color, size, type of tile suitable for each room design in the house. You can check the quality of the bricks with the naked eye with the following criteria: standard shapes with angles, colors are similar. You should check the quality by breaking bricks, if the quality will not be crushed into small pieces, beat two bricks together to have a decisive sound, drop the brick from the top (about 1m) will not break; If the brick quality is the reverse.

If you are more specific, then you should soak a brick in the water for 24 hours, then if the brick 25% heavier than the dry brick, proved to be poor quality, will affect the work, ant of the house. The ability to adhere to brick mortar of poor quality will reduce, reduce the quality of construction of the house, both costly and ineffective.

How to choose brick type?

- Size: choose the size, brick size must be based on the area of ​​the house. Here is the size of the house and the brick size for your reference:

For homes, or rooms with an area less than or equal to 18m2, a tile size of 300 × 300 should be used.
For houses, or rooms with an area of ​​less than 36m2, tile tiles of 400 × 400, 300 × 600 should be used.
For homes, or rooms with an area of ​​over 36m2, it is recommended to use brick size about 500 × 500, 600 × 600, 600 × 900....

- However, you have to consider the area as well as the design of the house or each room to choose the most suitable brick size. Select the number of tiles based on the size of the house, the size of tiles you choose. If you choose the wrong area, it will make you feel uncomfortable seeing and deflecting the whole house.

Select the color brick wall

Choosing the color of the house as well as wall tiles must match the feng shui while highlighting the architecture of the house. Some note when choosing color tiles for you:

- Choose the color based on the tone of the interior of the house.

- If your house is a small town, less light, you should choose light tone, pattern, simple pattern. Limit dark colors to make the house darker and more crowded.

- Floor tiles, wall tiles, interior paint must have harmony of tone, should not choose the color too contrast. Decorative details on the brick should not be too prominent, simple details will make the house look more beautiful and reasonable.

Types of wall tiles

Currently, there are many types of wall tiles in the market with many types of external tiles, tiles, living room, kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, sanitation... In each position will have choice and different needs.

- Select exterior wall tiles (outside)

Exterior decorative bricks in locations such as: fences, gates, facades, ... you must use the type of bricks of good quality, high humidity and heat resistance, good humidity to match weather conditions outside.

- Select the wall tiles for the living room

You can choose from a wide variety of bricks of different sizes or sizes. Comfortable color contrast or gentle elegance according to the preferences of the owner. But most of the living room is where guests should be elegant and delicate with the light tonne, simple textures create a sense of closeness.

- Select the wall tiles for the bedroom

Bedrooms are usually smaller in size so it is advisable to use small size tiles, simple patterns, and colors that can be chosen according to each member's preference to ensure the comfort. roof for sleep one by one.

- Choose tiles for the kitchen and dining room

Kitchens and dining rooms are exposed to heat, heat, and excessive exposure to oil and grease, so it is advisable to use glossy tiles for both walls and floors. Choose the type of brick size to limit the circuit in the house. The color of the kitchen tile tiles must be bright, warm.

In order to make your home perfect in terms of architecture, interior, overall color of the house, choosing the right type of tiles will contribute to your house more complete. With the above suggestions, hopefully you will have the best way to choose the type of brick wall tiles and details.

Notes on the construction of the foundation of the town house

Building a house is important and most important is the foundation process. Good foundation structure to get a solid house, especially in the city area. In the construction market, geological survey and foundation treatment services are available to address this need. Moreover, this is also a service to help builders obtain construction permits.

Detailed geological survey

This is the job of the contractor building, but you should also understand the geological survey process to grasp the foundation of the building. Regarding the construction unit and the foundation design, if it is not geologically clear, it may lead to failure of the nail to be strengthened or likely to lead to cracking when used in a relatively wasteful and difficult manner. towel. In the types of land for building houses, sandy soil is the best soil because it is very tight and strong, dries fast water, helps the organism to have a good living environment, has the use of self-cleaning land difficult to occur subsidence serious.

Design the foundation suitable for each land

Depending on the area of ​​the soil, the geological design of the foundation is appropriate for the results of geological survey drilling.

Deep foundation: Calculate the depth of the design, then bring the nails down to the right depth, used for high-load construction works, which should not be built in large groundwater areas for this type of foundation.

Basement: The depth of 1.2 to 3.5m is used for medium and small loads, built on good ground.

Difficulties in building design background

- Soil: poorly strength, the work on it is easy to tilt, subsidence, fall, water retention because of seepage of sewage.

- Clay: because the water is very poor, beautiful, not the habitat for oxygenated animals, automatically clean the soil. Building on this foundation will be susceptible to moldy, unclean, moldy growth ....

- Reference: ground types in construction

Note about reinforced concrete piles

For construction works in the area of ​​ponds and lakes, to ensure safety, it is necessary to drill reinforced concrete piles after geological drilling. One notion of general manicuring and concrete pile presses in particular is that drilling activities in the ground will easily affect adjacent land and buildings. It is recommended that the direction of the pile be pressed in such a way that the compressed soil is not directed to any building or structure around it.

Note about bamboo piles during construction

Bamboo piles usually have a length of 3m - 5m, density of about 25 piles / m2 pressed to the ground with. The purpose of stowing bamboo into the ground is to compact the foundation at the bottom of the building, increasing the strength of the foundation, forming a solid foundation for the foundation. However, bamboo piles are only used when the construction site has a high water level, otherwise it will not work. Too dry soil is not suitable for placing bamboo poles.

Note the selection of contractors, geological survey units prestigious

This day there are too many construction companies, before the construction you should refer to the unit with more prestige and experience, nor a valid price or not. Next, you should switch to geotechnical investigators and land processors and pulse tools, most of which is the foundation of the solution: to increase efficiency, increase bearing strength and load on the ground, ensure Structural foundation for stable construction.

Modeling and mapping in geological surveys

A geological survey is a systematic investigation into a given area for the purpose of creating a geological map or model for construction. Using techniques from the traditional survey, surveying trails and terrain, with intrusion methods, such as hand drill holes and drills, to use geophysical techniques and methods. Remote sensing, such as aerial photography and satellite imagery.

Geological survey report

Such surveys may be conducted by provincial or national geological survey organizations to maintain geological, inventory and geoscience knowledge for the benefit of the state. . Geological mapping usually describes the scope of the survey and the boundaries of geological units on topographic maps, along with information at points (such as orientation of the bed surface) and straight lines (such as intersection of faults with ground).

Maps and reports generated by geological survey organizations often aim for continuity and completeness of geography in the establishment of spatial models of near-surface rock units. The map may include cross sections to illustrate the three-dimensional representation. Geological and geophysical maps below the ground provide limited geological coverage (known, for example, from oil or gas drilling), maintained internally by oil companies. large mines and managers.

Several geological survey units have collaborated with them to include geological subsoil in their systematic surveys, for example, geological maps of sedimentary basins. A sub-surface map usually describes the three-dimensional shape of the geological surface by means of lines and cross sections. Computer-based models are increasingly being used to provide more comprehensive and flexible information storage capabilities in presentations.

Conclude

In a nutshell, it is understandable that, since exploratory surveys have been conducted, the reports are presented as drawings or models. Layers of sedimentary rocks with different characteristics will be clearly demonstrated to the geological survey drilling works, renovation of foundations.

Why should drill geological before construction

In addition to following the process, in order to meet the requirements, it is not easy at all, the work of calculating the stability of the items as well as the methods of construction. Much depends on the geological survey material. If the information is not complete or accurate information will lead to wrong design, lack of certainty, reduced safety of work. Can lead to many other dangerous consequences.

In the construction of the site, as well as our point of view, the geological survey is the basis for the design unit to propose solutions to design the foundation of some business buildings. but still ensure the technical requirements.

The concept of geological survey

Before exploring more about geological drilling as well as the importance of this stage, we need to understand this process. In our opinion, this is an important task to assess the conditional area. Perform by determining the hydrological conditions, mechanical properties of the soil layer, soil structure. For the purpose of designing the foundation, foundation. Major activities of this type are excavation, drilling, static, dynamic, static throw, horizontal compression.

When to conduct geological survey

Geotechnical drilling service Phan Tran said that according to the regulations of the Ministry of Construction, the construction works to be surveyed and the implementation process is specified in accordance with the law on state construction. Basically, construction works on weak soil and locations with complex conditions will have to do survey small or large drilling. In addition, the building has an area of ​​more than 250m2, buildings (from 3 floors up), important projects such as schools, hospitals, commercial centers, bridges and dams. This step is indispensable.

Reason for geological survey

Assess the safety of existing works, upgrades, renovations, designs, existing works as well as investigate the damage caused to the works.

Recognize changes in the future, and changes caused by the development, human impact, economic activity of the area are built... find solutions to problems or improve. It will happen in the build process and then.

Design, solution to build a reasonable platform and budget.

Whether the evaluation is appropriate for the work to be built or not.

Here we present the importance of geological drilling to survey. We hope you do not miss this step.

Experienced in soil treatment for ponds in Vietnam

Vietnam is an area where canals and ponds are very intricate, as the development of society, economics, science and population increases but the land area does not increase. To solve this problem, people fill ponds and ponds to build houses. The problem is that this will be a weak ground that needs to be treated before construction. Today, we introduce the method of pile foundation treatment.

One of the safeguards to build a foundation on a weak foundation is to use a foundation for housing. Pile foundation is becoming more and more popular, the number one choice is supposed to be when encountering this geological form.

Pile foundation is a type of nail that is placed above the pile to form pile groups linking the braces and the foundation to create a solid foundation. The basement is used in situations where there are complex terrain, weak soil such as ponds, lakes, plain land, weak areas.

Select the number of piles

Typically, when the design of the home does not include geological survey reports, it is extremely important to accurately calculate the number of piles to avoid wastage, which is directly related to the economic problems of the owner. .

The number of piles for each station depends on the load being transmitted to the top of the column, the depth of the foundation being buried, but the depth of burial is not related too much to determine the number of piles. To calculate the number of piles can be as follows:

Load floor, wall load, dynamic load due to total usage 1.2-1.5 tons / m2 x load capacity of column coefficient x 1.2x the number of floors.

For example: calculate the number of piles 200x200 with the capacity of 20t / pile head, for the column with the load area of ​​20m2 (5 * 4) => the number of piles = 1.2 * 20 * 1,2 * 1 = 28, 8 tons / 20 = 1.44 piles => select 3 piles in this case to ensure the nails work simultaneously in two directions.

Size

For 4 piles we use 1000 x 1000 x 700 and put steel ф12a150. The steel stake is associated with steel plates and steel beams forming a block.

Grout size 300 x 600, put steel on 3ф20, lower and ф8a150 for steel belt.

Note: However, for grade 4 houses, the use of pile foundation is relatively low due to high pile costs as well as unnecessary foundation.

Selection of pile presses

The load of the pile 200x200 = 20t is the pile head bearing static load 20t, the load on the pile is the dynamic load during construction, the dynamic load is usually 2-3 times static load, it is also loaded on the top of the pile. Therefore, the compression load at the pile head 200 * 200 is 20 * 2-20 * 3t = 40-60t.

When choosing the pile for base treatment, the force must be greater than 15% of the dynamic load => pile presses must be> = 75t.

When stacked, there will be a switchboard from the clock to the actual pressure, just watch the meter at your watch that is capable of monitoring your work.

That is the note when using pile foundation in soil treatment that we summarize for you readers. Hopefully the article can help you understand better to be able to understand and know what your unit is doing, is standard. Thank you for following the article.

The conditions that cause the soil to sink

Geological survey is an indispensable work in the process of preparing the construction. Survey results will determine whether the works are constructed or not, or how to decide on the foundation treatment process, what method, after having a stable background plan, the new works Execution. And the causes can cause subsidence status in the works. Let's go through it and learn some more things to know for you.

The problem of subsidence is uneven

Consequences of errors during land survey and in management of geological environment or significant economic losses. In order to minimize and remedy (sometimes irreparable), it is necessary to have a law on the protection and exploitation of the geological environment. The contents of these rules can not be expressed in the context of this article.

In the following, there are several unevenly solved situations that require attention in geological exploration to detect it before design and in finding the cause of failure when searching for remedies.

Ground conditions may cause uneven subsidence

The soil is compacted or sloping. This situation is often encountered in the construction of lowland valleys or river encroachment areas, industrial parks with ground leveling technology for use as natural compressive substrates, compaction, consolidation, such as pre-consolidation by sand piles, sand wells, and drainage. For large loads, use piles through the embankment, pay attention to slide along the slope, or slip the whole foundation as well as the works, protect the ground by collecting the surface drainage at the same time, to avoid permeability. flooded

The uneven distribution of tightness (when the ground is embankment) or there are rocks, building rubbish. Improved by static drilling or dynamic loading, sometimes using pile drilling...

The soil layer is uneven at the bottom of the foundation. The issue of unevenness is obvious if the structure is large. To avoid the need to combine the rational organization of the above structure (divided into independent units, increase hardness...), with the underlying foundation, the direction of land improvement (soil replacement, consolidation Use a soft pile like cement pile...) to treat the ground or use a foundation if the thickness of the soil changes drastically.

Having weak ground lenses under the nail: depending on the work on the strength of the structure or choose the appropriate solution including the use of piles through the lens, attention should be paid to the impact of sound on the pile.

Have weak soil at the beginning of the project: if it is thin, then dredge and replace with other good soil; If thick, use different solutions such as slits to cut work into monolithic blocks, or use piles through weak soil layers and resist the fine soil for both sections of the building.

The above are common problems when building foundation works, foundation treatment or geological survey. This is the case where it is necessary to improve the subsoil so that it does not collapse.

Plan for reinforcement of sandy soil

Sandstains are used when the soil is saturated with water, such as clay, saturated sand, peat with a very low surface thickness (less than 3m). That is the process of treating the ground to be applied, applied when our land belongs to the case as above.

The effect of mattress sand

Sandy Night is a kind of foundation treatment that is made from a thick layer of sand in the foundation of the water to be treated. They offer the following effects:

- Accelerates the consolidation speed of the platform, thereby increasing the load capacity of the floor and reducing the resolution process.

- Reduce the depth of the buried nails, thereby reducing the amount of construction material needed for the foundation.

- Reduced foundation settlement; Ground subsidence due to stress distribution by external load causes inside of soil under the sand layer.

- The sand layer acts as a load bearing layer, absorbing the load of the works into the natural soil layer, increasing the load capacity of the soil.

- However, in sand-cushioning, attention should be paid to the flow of sand, soil erosion by groundwater or liquefaction due to dynamic loads.

Should not use sand mattress

The size of the mattress is determined by calculating to meet two conditions: stability and durability of the building after the mattress is within the limits. The water table is high and pressure is high. At this point, it would be very costly to lower the water level and the cushion would be unstable and expensive. The substrate must be replaced with a thickness of over 3m, then the thick mattress will be thick and difficult to apply again without economic benefits.

Select unit for foundation treatment sand cushion

Weak soil and weak soil sand remediation is one of the most common construction works. So far in our country, the construction of this structure on weak land is not easy for the builder, poses many complex issues that need to be seriously studied, ensure stability and allow for solving. construction.

Construction methods of sand piles in the treatment of the foundation of the house

Sand pits are a part of the structural foundation of the house responsible for receiving and transmitting the load to the ground. Weak ground will be reinforced by a network of sand piles known as sand piles. This type of platform will bring some benefits and have certain construction methods. Together we learn about the construction characteristics of this type.

Sand pits function as a sand well that causes water in the soil to escape quickly through the sand hole. The consolidation and growth process will be accelerated and accelerated due to land treatment. The steel is plugged into the ground to make the platform tight. The soil is further compressed by the process of making holes. The water in the soil will be compressed into the hole drilled sand.

As a result, the ground is made of high strength after the treatment. It is also very simple to perform the ground treatment with this type of pile. Leaf material is quite inexpensive so the cost is also more economical to use other materials. Weak ground of 3 meters in length should use this type of pile to treat the foundation.

Effect of sand piles

Construction of this type is simple and relatively cheap material from gravel or rough sand, so the cost is relatively lower than cushion sand, the type of concrete foundation, the type used to treat other soil. This product is used to reinforce the weak soil more than 3 meters.

The width of the soil is reduced due to the compacted soil, so that the strength of the pile is improved. Helping pairs of pairs helps the voids in the soil escape faster for faster consolidation of the soil, the settling is reduced and more stable.

Note when installing sand piles

There is a note that it is not advisable to use sand piles in soils that are too dense (at the compression factor). Sand piles are not capable of compacting and are not suitable for weak soils that are less than 2m thick. For compacted sand piles, the soil must be reclaimed with high tensile strength by vibration energy to compact the sand in boreholes with a diameter of 60 to 80 cm.

With regular piles, this is a typical upstream vertical discharge for consolidation after 40cm borehole. Mineral is a major component and has high conductivity that can replace sand. Use compressed equipment and then put steel pipes in the soil then pour sand into.

Generally, sand piles are used to reinforce weak earths over 3m thick. Its advantages are also relatively high and the construction problem is not too complicated. However, if the construction contractor does not have the equipment, it can not be constructed or handled.

Guide to choosing quality concrete piles

One of the steps of the foundation is to prepare a reinforced concrete reinforced concrete column to plug into the foundation, reinforcing the soil for a more stable, to help the building does not collapse later. Phan Tran has assessed the quality of concrete piles to help the owner have a clear view and thoroughly understand the foundation treatment unit.

Pile shaft

Because the reinforcement is covered by a layer of concrete, it is impossible for us to check the material of the inner structure itself. However, it is still possible to proactively ask suppliers the following parameters to determine if it is a quality item.

Diameter and number of bars: the diameter of the pile should not be less than 14 mm, the pile diameter or the width is greater than 350 mm, the number of bars must not be less than 8.

Steel density: first determine the method of piling which we will use if the hammer contribution, the density of steel should not be less than 0.8%, the pile should not be less than 0.5% The shaft should not be smaller than 0.8%. Ask the contractor for a specification of the steel density and ask them to show you the type of concrete you intend to buy. In addition, if the landform terrain is white or has a thick layout, then choose the type of high density steel from 1 to 2%.

Concrete pile

It is difficult to identify the reinforcement so we need to get more information from the supplier, the pile manufacturer. However, we can still check the quality of the pile by the criteria such as the length, cross section of the concrete pile. Ensure that the concrete pile strength is not less than C30 and the thickness of the steel bar guard is less than 30 mm. If so, this can be considered a quality pile.

Pile connections

Concrete piles should be considered for pile connections and must meet the following requirements.

- When the design load is large, the small and long piles must penetrate the hard soil layer of a certain thickness. If it is in the earthquake or where many piles are concentrated, the welding method should be used.

- Joints must be secure and if they are seam joints, the pile should be easily identified.

- The number of joints must not exceed 2. In the shallow floor there is very difficult soil to penetrate over 3m thick, then the connector should be located at the bottom of the soil layer.

These are the criteria for selecting concrete piles to suit the specific soil treatment. We hope the article has brought useful information to readers, help you read closely track the background processing services for you.

Soil softening method when piling concrete

Foundation treatment is the critical process that determines the success of a project, affecting both life expectancy, sustainability in time, the prestige of the survey unit, the construction unit. Learn about methods of concrete pile press.

Hydraulic method

This is a large group of methods such as using piles, absorbent mesh, composite material, absorbent wick, vacuum pump, electrode.

Biological method

A new way to use microbial activity to change the characteristics of weak soil, reduce flooding in the geological works. This is a method of little interest, due to the relatively long construction period, but quite a bit of economic support.

Chemical methods

It is one of the focus groups in the past 40 years. Use chemicals to strengthen linkages in the soil such as cement, glass, silicate method ... Or some special chemicals for electrochemical purposes. Cement and cement piles are relatively convenient and popular. In less than 20 years, there have been active studies on strengthening reinforcement for cement piles. Glass use is less common because the power of this method is not very good, and the electrolyte is very low due to the relative technology required.

Thermodynamics

Is a unique method that can be used in combination with other ways in the natural environment. Use hot air over 8000 to change the physical properties of weak soil. This method is mainly used for geological conditions of clay or fine sandy soil. It requires a small amount of energy, but the results are fast and relatively positive.

Physical method

Including methods to lower the water level, using sand well, penetration wick, electric permeability.

Use dynamic load

Relatively common with geological conditions of sand or gravel such as vibrating roller, roller compactor. Piles, bamboo piles, cave piles, wooden piles are often applied for civil works. The use of mechanical foundation systems is mainly used to reinforce the soil in new buildings such as railways and roads. However, the use of explosives is highly effective in the short term, but is not suitable for clay and requires the professionalism of the builder.

Mechanical methods

It is one of the most commonly used foundation treatments, including static load balancing (pre-compression), dynamic load (vibration damping), waterproof piles, mechanical nails and deep explosives. sand piles, piles (sand piles, cement piles, lime piles), geotextile, cushions. Enhanced by mechanical agents.

Alternative methods

This is the usual way to overcome obstacles caused by weak soil, builders replace part or all of the weak soil in the new earthen force bearing high mechanical strength such as sand pillows, sand mattresses and time. Long construction, application for all geological conditions. In addition, it is possible to combine machines with the addition of dry soil with humus conditions.

Cause cracking due to land subsidence

Wall or ceiling failure can be caused by uneven subsidence of foundation or by incorrect calculation of load bearing structure of columns, beams, floors or improper construction.

For private houses, especially those using shallow foundation (ice clamps, raft foundation), there is a very common phenomenon in construction or construction. Most of the buildings have geological survey of the foundation; Design of foundation structure according to the calculation of the house load and geological survey results and construction in accordance with the design, the house will only sink several centimeters, not affect the stability (no crack phenomenon).

There are three main reasons for cracking

- No geological survey of construction land or geological survey report. Therefore, there is no basis to calculate the bearing capacity of the ground or the survey data wrong to lead to wrong design compared to reality.

- There is geological survey, calculation of structural design wrong as not calculating full load of the works (static load and dynamic load), miscalculation of foundation structure...

- Having proper geological survey, structural design is in accordance with standards, but construction is not in accordance with design, resulting in subsidence, cracking. In addition, some other causes also lead to the cracking of the house such as improper use of the purpose (expected housing but used as a floor dance floor or heavy store or add more floors. ), earthquakes, construction of savings (low safety factor) when the unexpected impact on the home can also cause cracking...

Therefore, the determination of causes of cracking need specialized people to survey the current status and design records. When determining the cause of cracking, there will also be many solutions, depending on the solution of the renovation design or the condition of the house as well as conditions of construction and economic conditions.

Summary of geological survey method

Before the construction, before the foundation treatment, before the steps of building a work, the foundation treatment step is indispensable. Even if there is not a full report, or the survey results are not good, the building permit will not be obtained, causing difficulties in the construction process. Poor survey also affects the design of the foundation, construction design, and later life of the works..

In construction, there are various types of geological surveys, in which each type of work is typical and important.

- Geological mapping work.
- Geological survey drilling (almost implemented projects).
- SPT (Standard Penetration Test) is a field-based test designed to measure the geotechnical characteristics of a soil. static, cutting wings.
- Geophysical measurement of geophysical measurements, soil resistivity.
- experiments in the room.

Depending on the project, there are consultants choosing different survey methods to work effectively and with the highest quality.

Steps taken

- Determining the characteristics, size and characteristics of construction works.
- Survey tasks are usually prepared by a consultant or investment designer.
- Making outlines including contents, tasks, mode of implementation, time of implementation, organization of personnel, documents, machinery, acceptance minutes, diaries, security measures, fire prevention fire
- Do field work.
- Soil, rock and water samples will be treated.
- Reporting, consulting foundation types, foundation depth, technical geological solutions, solutions for foundation treatment.

With the work process applying the most advanced technology, professional with the modern construction machinery. Phan Tran always puts the quality of work on the top, so you will always be guaranteed with the method of geological survey operating standards today.

If you are looking to rent a geological surveying unit to prepare for a construction permit, look for qualified, experienced, professional engineers with clear backgrounds. where there are full and modern machines or at least not too old.

Types of piles used to strengthen the foundation

Reinforcing the foundation is an important task that needs to be done before it can be built on a weak ground. In this job, the pile is a solution to reinforce. So, in today's era, there are types of piles that can be applied to reinforce the foundation.

Anchor piles

A pile is applied by anchors to pile the ground instead of pressing the pile. Anchored over the disadvantage of the works such as narrow works, alleys. However, high prices; The length of each pile is short, from 2.5 - 4m and construction is slow. The basic weakness is that the bearing capacity of the pile is very small, because the anchor weight is not compressed by the load; Usually only 1/2 - 2/3 of normal piles. So it is important to note that when moving from pile to pile, we must consider the design and advice from the technical staff and the foundation of the pile to increase the pile at a pile.

Use reinforced pile

Strengths: Square piles made of reinforced concrete should be able to check the quality of the pile. The average size is 25x25cm, length about 11m. Strength is fast, neat, preloaded when the pile pressure and cost is not high, total cost, depending on the number of piles more or less or how much force. At present, owners use the most piles.

Weak points: Do not work in tight spaces, with overhangs and over drainage areas. Because cranes, equipment and supplies weigh 100 tons and load height. Construction of piles should have geological documents at the site to determine the depth of buried piles.

Use piles to treat the foundation

Strengths: The stacking process involves drilling holes, placing the cage down and placing the concrete directly. For construction of residential houses such as houses, villas, townhouses in the alley where cars can not enter the pile, small diameter piles, from 30 to 40cm and the process of making large diameter piles are often made bridge. or tall buildings. Over the past three years, many have used this method because of their high efficiency and economy: no contact with neighboring buildings; Built on all terrain as compact house, deep alley, small eccentricity.

Melaleuca cave treatment foundation

Strengths: For low-rise building designs, small loads can be used for bamboo poles (north), cobblestones (south) for piles.

Bamboo piles or cymbals are lightweight and easy to move with both motorcycles. It is also a good solution for weak water areas. They should be applied in soft water areas to ensure stability, strength and long-term survival.

Melaleuca pile thicknesses of 8-10 cm are the most common types used in building basins because they are suitable for construction and are suitable for a variety of buildings. The density is 25 piles / m2.

Weak point: when using Melaleuca forests, it must be deepened from 1.8 to 2.2m, so it is easy to contact nearby works, only for low-rise buildings, low loading by mini villa design.

About the depth of Melaleuca, many people often put Melaleuca stake at the lowest water level. This leads to the bottom of the nail too deep, which is detrimental to the construction, especially in the rainy season. Geological documents indicate: In higher groundwater, the soil is still wet, high saturation, sufficient moisture for cajuput will not dry and will not be trapped. Therefore, depending on the quality of land on the water, you can choose Melaleuca trees higher than the ground water level, as long as the head is always wet.

Each type of pile has its strengths and weaknesses depending on terrain conditions and construction conditions. Not choosing the right solution, the works can double the cost of foundation piles.

Soil treatment measures weak

Poor soil treatment to improve soil bearing capacity, improve and optimize some mechanical properties of weak soils such as reduced pore volume, reduced compressibility, increased sealing, increased tissue deformation module. Poor soil management also reduces soil permeability, ensuring soil stability in the case of irrigation.

Poor soil foundation practices

- Chemical methods: Including methods of cement glue for soil, silicate, electrochemical.

- Physical methods: including the lowering of the groundwater table, the use of sand wells, penetrations, permeability.

- Mechanical methods: sand compression method, piles (soil pile, sand pile, lime pile), soil replacement, sand cushion, geotextile.

Treatment of weak soil with absorbent wicks

A longitudinal drainage plan using a wick seal coincides with pre-loading. When the soil thickness is very weak or when the permeability of the soil is very small, the vertical permeability can be arranged to increase the consolidation rate. This alternative is used to handle embankments on weak ground.

The PVD method has vertical infiltration effect to speed up the drainage process in the space of weak soil, moisture, reduce the porosity, increase the density. The result is a rapid increase in weak soil consolidation, increased load carrying capacity and adequate level of ground clearance.

How to preload compression

This method can be used to treat weak soils such as clay, peat, and clay.

Using this method has the following good points

- Increased stability over time, speeding up consolidation.

- Rapid increase in bearing capacity of the ground.

Measures taken:

- Using sand wells or penetrations to drain water out of the gaps, increase the accumulation of soil, increase the rate of subsidence over time. Depending on the requirements of specific works, geo-technical conditions and hydro-geological conditions of the site, appropriate or individual remedies may be used, or in combination with both.

- Gravel (gravel, sand, stone, brick ...) Equally or larger work load is expected to be designed on weak ground, to select pre-loaded foundation and subsidence before construction.

Compaction method of topsoil

In the case of weak soils with a small moisture content (g <0.7), the soil compaction method can be used to reduce the soil's shear strength and to reduce compression. The top soil after compaction will act as a buffer layer of soil, not only the advantages of the sand-cushioning scheme, but also the advantage of using natural soil to lay the foundations, reducing the amount of excavated mass. One can use many methods to consolidate the topsoil. The most common method is to shock:

In this way the weight of the fruit is not less than 1m and from 1 to 4 tons (sometimes 5-7 tons). In order to have good results in choosing the dress, static pressure caused by clay and 0.15 kg / cm2 and lagoon size of not less than 0.2 kg / cm2 should be ensured.

Floor treatment with sand mattress

Sand is used effectively for weak soils in saturated water (clay, clay, sand, peat, mud, etc.) and a thickness of less than 3m of weak soil.

Method of implementation: excavation of some or all of the weak soil layer (in case of weak soil layer) and instead of medium grain sand, compacted seeds. Replacing weak soil with bottom sand has the following major impacts:

- In terms of simple construction, no need to use modern equipment quite spacious. Application area is best if soil layer is less than 3m. This method should not be used when the soil has a high water level and water pressure because it is costly to lower the water table and buffer will be less stable.

- Increases the stability of the structure, even in horizontal loads, by compressed sand to increase friction and slip resistance. Accelerate the consolidation of the ground to increase the load bearing capacity of the foundation and increase the settling time for the building.

- Reduce work pressure down to the value that the weak ground can receive.

- Reducing burial depth should reduce the amount of nail material.

- The subsidence and settlement of the structure is reduced due to the external load caused by stress repetition caused by the sand layer.

Sandstrap acts as a load bearing layer, sand substitutes poor soil under the bottom of the foundation, absorbs the load of the project and transmits that the soil is weak.

Treatment of cement pile, soil - cement

Limestone quarry is used for treating and compressing sludge, peat, plastic clay. The problem with using limestone piles has the following effects:

- Handled by improved lime: adhesion increased 1.5 - 3 times, soil moisture decreased 5 - 8%;

- The diameter of the pile will increase by 20% to make the soil around the pile compact when the limestone pile is compacted. When lime touches the hole, the water evaporates, moisture decreases and accelerates the compression as it releases large amounts of heat.

The production of cement piles is similar to the soil pile, where silo containing cement and soil spray are pre-defined. Note that the cement sieve should be poured into the silo to ensure that cement particle cements are <0.2mm in size and no lumps, therefore the nozzle is not blocked. The cement content is likely to be between 7 and 15% and the results indicate that cement strength is better than slurry and lime sand is more effective than clay.

The method of treating the soil by sand piles

Sanding piles are different from other types of hard piles (bamboo piles, piles, reinforced concrete, concrete, etc.). As part of the foundation, responsible for receiving and transfering the soil. soil, sand pile network to strengthen weak ground, also known as sand piles. The problem with the use of sand piles to strengthen the background has the following advantages:

- Simple, cheap sand piles should be more cost effective than other types. Sand piles are used to reinforce weak soils with a thickness of> 3m.

- Sand pits act as sand wells, giving quick drainage through holes, speeding up the process of consolidation and stabilization. The ground is firmly pressed by steel pipes, then the soil is compacted. The water in the soil is forced into the sand hole, so the strength of the ground increases

Weak land is risky and risky for unsafe construction. Studies on weak soils and identification of appropriate treatments are important. In practice, it is necessary to base on the geological condition of the specific works to be handled properly.

Classification of weak soil in construction works

Weak soil is a type of soil that is not resistant to high impact. Both qualitative and quantitative, there are issues to be aware of. For example, in quantitative terms, it has low capacity, easily deformed, damaging structural works. Qualitatively, it is the type of soil that can not absorb the load of the above works. These concepts have been validated and recognized by science. Based on this, one compares the weight of the soil with 1.7 t / m3, if less than or equal to weak soil, which is the common soil in the following foundation treatment.

Types of common ground construction

Embankment

This soil is made up of human activity. Properties are uneven and fragmented. Structures can be divided into four categories:

- Waste in and out of mines.
- Soil, embankment (to create yards).
- Waste of mixed production land and daily life waste.
- Land includes mixed waste of industrial production and construction.

Basalt soil

This is a weak soil type with high porosity, dry density, high permeability, easy to sink.

Mud

Mud is a modern sediment formed primarily by the accumulation of fine, chemical or mechanical dispersions in the seabed, at the bottom of the lake, in the mud, etc. Mud only relates to water, new deposits, filled with water and weak with force.

The first stage of clay production is mud. They are formed in water with the presence of microorganisms. The mud always exceeds the flow limit and the pore coefficient e> 1 for clay sand and e> 1.5 for clay.

The composition of the mud is fine particles (<200 m), mud is likely to be sand clay, sandy clay, clay and sand, however only small sand. The strength of the sludge is very small, so the problem of cutting force (SCC) to friction force and adhesion force will not be very reasonable. The friction angle may be zero. SCC of sludge depends on deformation development speed. Only when the mud is dehydrated can the friction angle be calculated.

Construction problems of mud structures can only be made after the foundation treatment has taken place.

Slippery sand (weak sand)

Sand is born in the lagoon or the sea. Quartz is a major component of sand, minerals, sometimes containing impurities. Sand consists of small particles about 0.05 - 2mm.

Composed of fine sand, can be compacted or diluted significantly, discrete granular structure. This type of soil is called sand flow when it changes into a flow state, bearing dynamic load.

The most noticeable feature of the sand is its rapid compression, which is highly absorbent. When the sand consists of small particles, filled with saturated and organic water, the phenomenon of flowing sand sometimes makes the work and the building dangerous. Caution for weak sand two dangerous phenomena: flowing sand and thinning.

Sand is considered weak when the particle size is small, smooth and easy to slide down, while at the same time there is a discrete structure if it is saturated, containing many organic substances, lightning, which can be compressed and flowed significantly. These sand types, called sand streams, undergo vibration or shock, becoming liquid.

Clay weak

The composition of clay or clay relatively relative in the saturated water state, the intensity is not high. Need to treat the foundation. Clay consists of two components:

- The good dispersion (called clay minerals) consists of glue (0, 1 - 0.001mm) and very small particles (2 - 0.1mm). These minerals determine the mechanical properties of clay. The most common clay minerals are the three typical groups: marmotylite, kaolinite and ilit.

Treatment of weak soil by bamboo pile method

The use of foundation treatment technologies is practiced by a professional organization to rehabilitate weak ground after geological drilling. In the treatment methods of ownership use bamboo piles for reinforcement. Similarly, is it safe, and how do people do it? We advise to consult questions.

The benefits of bamboo piles for project foundation treatment

Function of bamboo piles

Bamboo piles, cajuput piles are the traditional way of technology to treat the foundation of small load works on weak ground. This is the secret of reinforcing weak or used earth. In folk are often used under the foundation of small load (foundations under the culvert, the foundation...). Bamboo stakes or piles are often used by the south. The pile length of 1.5 - 6m was built to strengthen the ground bearing the criterion of decreasing settlement and increasing load.

Do not place them on sandy soils because sandy soils do not retain water, usually only in clay with water. People play 16-25 piles / m2 because it is easy to divide (20-25 cm distance).

Bamboo pile is to reduce the hollow coefficient, increasing the density of the soil leading to higher load capacity of the soil. For bamboo not to rot, they can only be placed in wetlands. In dry land without water, the bamboo decomposes and then causes soil depletion.

How to calculate the bearing capacity of the pile: In the design, assume that after the foundation treatment reaches a density (through the coefficient of hollow) from which the load capacity of the ground is calculated. For nail design (can assume the bearing capacity of the ground after reinforcement). It is necessary to estimate the bearing strength and subsidence of the foundation of the pile by means of daily calculations.

Asked and the number of reinforced concrete floor with bamboo sticks secret, the result: adjacent houses are built and used but not see the crack. However, there is a small settlement (but will stabilize evenly at the foundation line). Only if the building owns a good number of floors and undergoes good loading. The use of loose materials (sand, stone) can only be used to improve the strength of making the soil compact by using bamboo poles.

When piling up to check the load capacity of the ground against the assumed load bearing capacity, there is no need to modify the design (in fact, some tests are tested but mainly based on experience. business).

Where is the use of bamboo poles?

Bamboo piles are used in wet, flooded areas. Assuming they work in moist soil, longevity will be high (used as the roof of the old days or the columns of the buildings, 50-60 years and longer: the ancients often choose bamboo in the mud, when it will be black but anti. get termites). For example, they work in wetlands, dry irregularities, broken piles, very fast bites or damage (thus damaging the foundation).

Bamboo piles are used to reinforce the ground for works with good transmission load or reinforced wall embankments.

Selection of bamboo piles

The number of piles per m2 is determined by the formula:

Poor soil has a density of> 0.80, bearing capacity r0 <0.5 kg / cm2 with 36 piles per square meter.

Weak density = 0,7 ÷ 0,8, load intensity suddenly r0 = 0,5 ÷ 0,7 kg / cm2 possesses 25 piles for 1m2.

Weak soil with densities of 0.55 ÷ 0.60, natural loading strength r0 = 0,7 ÷ 0,9 kg / cm2 with 16 piles for 1m2.

At 22tcn 262-2000, bamboo piles are 25 piles / 1m2, pile 16 piles / 1m2.

The length of each pile is 1.5 - 2.5 m. The pile length is longer than the design length of 20-30cm.

At the top of the pile (always taken to the base) is sawn perpendicular to the pile shaft and 50mm from the bamboo eye, the lower end is gradually reduced in the 200mm and 200mm range in the eye area to the pile head.

Bamboo piles must be over 2 years old, straight and fresh, minimum diameter of over 6cm (usually 80-100mm), without bending over 1cm / 1md pile. Using bamboo is the best. The thickness of the bamboo tube is not less than 10mm. If the bamboo is bare, the minimum thickness of bamboo tube is 10 - 15mm, so the distance in bamboo gut is as small as possible. The distance between bamboo eyes should not exceed 40cm.

Method of piling bamboo

Map down pile

For example, piles or reinforced concrete piles then proceed from the middle out. If it is a pile of strips or rows of piles, then close it sequentially. For piles, the hole is fixed in the pile to the edge of the hole to dig.

Treatment of pile foundation by machine

This secret is used today because of mobility, ease of transfer.

You can use the bucket to put up with the body. In some places, a line of concrete hammers have been improved by taking a lid to place bamboo poles. Each type of compressor uses a small capacity, compressive pressure of about 4-8atm, a compressor can be used simultaneously for 5-6 drivers. This method makes the work quick and difficult and can bind bamboo in the pit with less than 20cm of water.

Pile foot and hand

Use solid wood with a weight of 8-10kg / person or two to close. To avoid crushing the end of the pile. Once the piles are finished, they must be cut off, such as not being able to close the pile. In the case of weak ground, when the pile's hold is lifted, it must be lowered by vibration-laden load. This is a difficult task, it takes a lot of work and time.